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地膜覆盖的早熟增产作用 ,解决了困扰我国北方玉米种子生产的种子成熟度与安全降水的矛盾 ,明显提高玉米种子的产量和质量 ,具有极大的推广价值。地膜覆盖对土壤含水量和全生育期土壤速效养分含量数值的系统观测与分析 ,揭示了在当地条件下覆膜使 5、6月份 0～ 2 5cm土层平均地温提高 1℃ ,5月份 5cm地温提高 2℃ ,10～ 15cm提高 1℃以上 ,晴天白昼 0～ 2 0cm土层平均地温提高 3 1℃。 5、6月份 0～ 2 0cm耕层土壤含水量平均增加 2 0 % ,表层含水量增加较多 ,5月份 0～ 5cm土层含水量增 4 5%。 5、6月份土壤速效养分有明显增加 ,5月份土壤碱解氮增加 8 9mg kg ,速效磷增加 1 8mg kg。在北方春旱、低温条件下 ,覆膜为保全苗 ,早生快发创造了良好的土壤条件。覆膜对生长发育与产量的影响很大。覆膜与不覆膜相比 ,一般可增加 2片叶令 ,条件差的地块 (洼地、坡地 )可增加 4片叶令 ,单株鲜重、干重为不覆膜的 3倍以上 ,单株叶面积为不覆膜的 2倍多 ,早抽丝 3～ 5d ,一般早熟 7～ 10d ,收获时种子含水量降低 5 4%～ 14 2 % ,百粒重增加 4 3～ 9 2g ,常年增产 2 0 %以上 ,低温年或涝洼地增产 6 0 %～ 70 %。
Which can solve the contradiction between seed maturity and safe precipitation which plagued the corn seed production in the north of our country, and obviously increase the yield and quality of the corn seed. Therefore, it has great promotion value. The systematic observation and analysis of soil moisture content and soil available nutrient content during the whole growth period showed that the average temperature of 0-25cm soil layer in May and June increased by 1 ℃ under the local conditions, Increase 2 ℃, 10 ~ 15cm increase more than 1 ℃, sunny day 0 ~ 20cm soil average temperature increased 31 ℃. In May and June, soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 20% on average, surface water content increased more, water content of 0-5 cm soil layer increased by 45% in May and June. The soil available nutrients in May and June increased significantly, while that of soil available nitrogen increased by 89mg kg and that of available phosphorus increased by 18mg kg in May. In the northern spring drought, low temperature conditions, the film for the preservation of seedlings, early fast birth to create a good soil conditions. Film on the growth and yield a great influence. Compared with the non-coated, the general can increase two leaf orders, poor conditions plots (depression, slope) can increase the four leaf orders, fresh weight per plant, dry weight is not covered more than 3 times, The leaf area per plant is more than 2 times of that of the uncoated ones, the early spinning time is 3 ~ 5 days, and the general precocity is 7 ~ 10 days. The water content of seeds is 54 ~ 14 2% Perennial increase of 20% or more, low temperature or flood depression 60% ~ 70% increase.