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目的:运用免疫组化研究尿道狭窄瘢痕中钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶Ⅱ(calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)、Smad2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)表达的差异.方法:本研究样本采集自2014年12月～2015年12月期间,中南大学湘雅医院泌尿外科收治的11例初发性尿道狭窄、10例复发性尿道狭窄患者标本和10例正常尿道组织(取自前尿道狭窄患者的少量正常组织标本).开展针对正常尿道组织、初发性尿道狭窄瘢痕和复发性尿道狭窄瘢痕的免疫组化研究.结果:①通过分析正常尿道组织和尿道狭窄瘢痕组织的苏木精伊红(HE)染色、VG染色结果发现,尿道狭窄瘢痕组织的HE染色、VG染色切片中成纤维细胞数量较正常尿道组织明显增加,排列较为紊乱.②在对比正常尿道组织组和尿道狭窄瘢痕组之间的免疫组化结果后发现尿道狭窄瘢痕组的钙离子/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶Ⅱ(Ca2+/CaMKⅡ)、Smad2、Collagen Ⅰ的表达情况以及胶原蛋白表达量均显著高于尿道正常组(P＜0.01).③比较同为尿道狭窄瘢痕组别之间的免疫组化结果发现,复发性尿道狭窄瘢痕组的CaMKⅡ、Smad2的表达量显著高于首发性尿道狭窄瘢痕组(P＜0.01).复发性尿道狭窄瘢痕组的Collagen Ⅰ表达情况显著高于初发性尿道狭窄瘢痕组(P＜0.05).结论:尿道狭窄瘢痕的发生与CaMKⅡ、Smad2、Collagen Ⅰ在尿道组织中的表达密切相关.“,”Objective:To study the immunohistochemical expression difference among CaMK Ⅱ,Smad2 and Collagen Ⅰ in urethral stricture scar.Method:This study samples collected from December 2014 to December 2015 at Xiangya Hospital Central South University included 11 cases of primary urethral stricture,10 cases of recurrent urethral stricture patients specimens and 10 cases of normal urethral tissue (taken from the patients of anterior urethral stricture with a small amount of normal tissue).Immunohistochemical studies on the patients with normal urethral tissue,primary urethral stricture and recurrent urethral stricture were done.Result:①By analyzing the HE staining and VG staining of normal urethral tissue and urethral stricture scar tissue showed that,the number of fibroblasts in the HE staining and VG staining were significantly higher than those of normal urethral tissues,and the arrangement was more disorganized.②In contrast between the immunohistochemical result of normal urethral tissue and urethral stricture scar group,the expression of CaMK Ⅱ,Smad2,Collagen Ⅰ and the amount of collagen synthesis in urethral stricture scar group were significantly higher than those in the normal urethra group (P＜0.01).③In the urethral stricture scar group,the expression of CaMK Ⅱ and Smad2 of the recurrent urethral stricture scar were significantly higher than those of the primary urethral stricture group (P＜0.01).The expression of Collagen Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the primary urethral stricture group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The occurrence of urethral stricture scar is closely related to the expression of CaMK Ⅱ,Smad2 and Collagen Ⅰ in urethral tissue.