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基于激光内送粉技术,借助6轴机器人实现了光头空间变姿态/变方向分层激光堆积成形。重点研究了连续变换基体空间角度对熔道形貌的影响;分析了空间变姿态/变方向激光堆积的难点和关键技术;进行了空间连续变姿态/变方向实体成形试验,并对成形件的壁厚、组织、显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,随基板倾斜角度增大,熔池最大偏移量为0.06 mm,重力对熔池的流动影响不明显;采用切向分层技术、熔道变角度生长自适应技术以及轴线偏移补偿技术有效地解决了“花瓶”状变径回转体激光成形堆积的难点。成形件与基体为冶金结合,熔道不同区域的组织和显微硬度各有不同,成形组织整体较为细密均匀,区域显微硬度变化较小;成形件大角度变化处,显微硬度有一定下降,成形件小角度变化处,显微硬度无明显改变。
Based on the laser powder feeding technology, a 6-axis robot is used to realize variable laser posture and variable direction laser deposition in bald head. The effect of continuous transformation matrix space angle on the melt channel morphology was studied emphatically. The difficulties and key techniques of spatial change of orientation / direction of laser deposition were analyzed. Solid continuous forming / Wall thickness, microstructure and microhardness were analyzed. The results show that the maximum displacement of the weld pool is 0.06 mm with the increase of substrate tilting angle. The effect of gravity on the flow of the weld pool is insignificant. Tangential layering technique, variable angle melt growth adaptive technique and axis offset compensation Technology effectively solve the “vase ” reducer rotary laser forming the difficulty of accumulation. Forming parts and the substrate for the metallurgical integration, melting zone in different regions of the organization and microhardness are different, forming the whole structure is more uniform, smaller changes in the area of microhardness; large angle changes in the forming area, the microhardness of a certain decline , Forming a small angle of change, no significant change in microhardness.