浮出水面在伊比利亚半岛东南部的海滨城市卡塔赫纳,人们能够眺望到一个雪茄形的钢制船体矗立在历史悠久的军港内,提醒人们西班牙参与设计建造潜艇已经超过120年。这座纪念碑事实上是1888年从西班牙圣·费尔南多船厂下水的世界上首艘电动潜艇“佩拉尔”号。今天,距离这个小型海军历史纪念碑1000多米处,西班牙海军的下一代潜艇——S-80A正在纳凡蒂 Surfaced In the coastal city of Cartagena, in southeastern Iberian Peninsula, one can see a cigar-shaped steel hull standing in the historic naval port, reminding people that Spain has been involved in the design and construction of submarines for more than 120 years. This monument was in fact the world’s first electric submarine “Peral”, launched in 1888 from San Fernando, Spain. Today, more than 1,000 meters from this small naval historical monument, the Spanish Navy’s next generation submarine, the S-80A,