Background/Purpose:Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Patients with localized disease have a cure rate of 50% to 90% ; however,there has been little evidence that aggressive surgical resection for recurrent disease is of benefit. We reviewed our experience with aggressive surgical resection for recurrent RMS. Methods:A retrospective review of the records for patients with RMS was performed. Data extracted included tumor site,histology,initial therapy,time to recurrence,treatment,and outcomes. Results:From 1991 to 2002,122 patients with RMS (3 months-18 years) were treated at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Of 32 patients with recurrent RMS,19 had surgical resection and 13 had biopsy only or no resection. The common primary sites included extremity (12),genitourinary nonbladder/prostate (7),and retroperitoneal/trunk (7). In the resection group,33 operations were performed with 5 (15% ) major complications and no deaths. Seventeen (52% ) of these procedures (7 pelvic,5 thoracic,3 amputations,and 2 cranial) were classified as aggressive. After a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years,7 patients (37% ) had no evidence of disease,8 (42% ) died,and 4 were lost to follow-up. There was no correlation between survival and the type of resection. In the no-resection group only,1 (8% ) of 13 patients survived. Conclusions:Despite morbidity,aggressive surgical resection is warranted to improve survival in patients with recurrent RMS. Background / Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Patients with localized disease have a cure rate of 50% to 90%; however, there has been little evidence that aggressive surgical resection for recurrent disease is of benefit We reviewed our experience with aggressive surgical resection for recurrent RMS. Methods: A retrospective review of the records for patients with RMS was performed. Data extracted included tumor site, histology, initial therapy, time to recurrence, treatment, and outcomes. From 1991 to 2002, 122 patients with RMS (3 months-18 years) were treated at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Of 32 patients with recurrent RMS, 19 had surgical resection and 13 had biopsy only or no resection. The common primary sites included In the resection group, 33 operations were performed with 5 (15%) major complications and no deaths. Seventeen (52%) of these pr (12), genitourinary nonbladder / After a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years, 7 patients (37%) had no evidence of disease, 8 (42%) died, 7 days ago (7 pelvic, 5 thoracic, 3 amputations, and 2 cranial) and 4 were lost to follow-up. There was no correlation between survival and the type of resection. In the no-resection group only, 1 (8%) of 13 patients survived. Conclusions: Despite morbidity, aggressive surgical resection is warranted to improve survival in patients with recurrent RMS.