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目的研究儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特点及其与临床转归的关系。方法荧光定量PCR法检测12 438例住院患儿痰MP-DNA,分析相关资料。结果 MP-DNA检出率在2008-2011各年度分别为13.88%、28.37%、37.43%、18.20%,随年龄增加而升高,女性明显高于男性(P<0.01);MP-DNA检出率在大叶性肺炎组最高,并存胸腔内并发症组其次,并存肺外其他疾病组明显下降(P<0.01)。MP-DNA阳性组平均住院天数长于阴性组,治愈出院率低于阴性组(P<0.01)。结论 2009、2010年度为本地区MP感染暴发流行年;MP感染与年龄、性别有关,是引起大叶性肺炎及其胸腔内并发症的主要原因之一,并延长住院天数及影响出院转归;并存肺外其他疾病不增加MP感染的风险。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children and its relationship with clinical outcome. Methods Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect sputum MP-DNA in 12 438 hospitalized children and related data were analyzed. Results The detection rate of MP-DNA was 13.88%, 28.37%, 37.43% and 18.20% in each year of 2008-2011, which was higher with the increase of age than that of men (P <0.01) The rates were the highest in patients with lobar pneumonia and the other patients with concurrent intracranial complications and the other patients with extrapulmonary disease were significantly decreased (P <0.01). The mean hospital stay in MP-DNA positive group was longer than that in negative group, and the cured discharge rate was lower than that in negative group (P <0.01). Conclusions 2009 and 2010 are the first year of outbreak of MP infection in our region. MP infection is related to age and sex, which is one of the main causes of lobar pneumonia and its complications in chest. It also prolongs the length of hospital stay and affects the outcome of discharge. Concurrent pulmonary disease does not increase the risk of MP infection.