在化学解题过程中,了解学生思维活动的情况,掌握学生思维过程,运用学生思维规律,注意防止和克服化学解题中常见的思维错误,对学生思维能力的培养和发展,是十分重要的。笔者根据教学工作的实践,把化学解题中常见的几种思维错误,粗略地表述如下。近年来,化学教学中教法和学法的研究已得到了普遍重视,教与学的过程都逐步趋于科学化。但“题海战术”和大剂量的机械重复练习时有出现,学生们一旦抓到了所谓“规律”,就产生强烈的依赖性,形成了思维定势。这种定势,妨碍学生思路的开拓,不加分析地举一反三,尤其当几种问题形同质异时,更容易导致错误发生。例如,在学习了金属活动性顺序以后,由于受到“排在前面的金属能把排在后面的金属从它们的溶液里置换出来”这一置换规律的定势,会把金属钠和硫酸铜溶液的反应错误地写成 In the process of solving chemistry problems, it is very important to understand students’ thinking activities, master students’ thinking process, use students’ thinking patterns, and prevent and overcome the common mistakes in thinking in chemistry. It is very important for the cultivation and development of students’ thinking ability. . According to the practice of teaching work, the author made several common thinking mistakes in the chemical problem solving, which are roughly described as follows. In recent years, the study of teaching methods and learning methods in chemistry teaching has gained universal attention, and the teaching and learning process has gradually become more scientific. However, the “sea tactics” and high-dose mechanical repetition exercises have emerged. Once the students catch the so-called “law”, they have a strong dependence and form a fixed mindset. This kind of fixed position hinders the development of students’ ideas, and gives them an undeniable analysis. In particular, when several problems are of a similar nature, they are more likely to cause mistakes. For example, after learning the sequence of metal activity, metal sodium and copper sulphate solutions are used because of the regularity of the replacement rule that “the metal in the front can displace the later metals from their solution.” The reaction was incorrectly written