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白内障是主要致盲眼病之一。白内障的手术治疗,是当前最有效的治疗方法。近廿年来,由于显微手术的广泛开展,手术方式的改进,以及人工晶体植入术的成就,导致白内障手术的彻底改观。现在,国内外许多眼科学者都倾向作白内障囊外摘除术。1967年,Kelman(美)经过4年研究,首创白内障超声乳化吸出术,这是囊外摘出术的一种新术式。其突出的优点是创口小(约2～3 mm),术后并发症少,可于术后早期活动。术后视力矫正好,术后2～6周即可配出眼镜或角膜触镜。超声乳化吸出术的原理在患眼角膜缘作1或2个2～3mm的切口,插入超声振动头,利用超声波的高频振动,粉碎、乳化晶状体的硬核,并将其吸出眼外。在操作过程中,以平衡液连续灌注眼内,用来维持前房深度和正常眼内压,并冷却超声振动产生的热量。
Cataracts are one of the major causes of blindness. Surgical treatment of cataracts, is currently the most effective treatment. In the past two decades, due to the extensive microsurgery, the improvement of the operation method and the achievement of intraocular lens implantation have led to a complete improvement of cataract surgery. Now, many ophthalmologists at home and abroad are inclined to extracapsular cataract extraction. In 1967, Kelman (United States) after 4 years of research, the first cataract phacoemulsification, which is a new surgical extracapsular surgery. Its outstanding advantage is a small wound (about 2 ~ 3 mm), less postoperative complications, early postoperative activities. Postoperative visual acuity good, 2 to 6 weeks after the glasses or corneal contact lens. The principle of phacoemulsification in the affected limbus for 1 or 2 2 ~ 3mm incision, insert the ultrasonic vibration head, the use of ultrasonic vibration, crushing, emulsifying the hard core of the lens, and its out of the eye. During operation, continuous perfusion of the eye with equilibration fluid is used to maintain the anterior chamber depth and normal intraocular pressure and to cool the heat generated by the ultrasonic vibration.