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目的调查2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖尿病相关知识、行为现况,分析糖尿病知行的影响因素,为制订适宜的综合干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取宁波市江北区慈城镇纳入社区管理的T2DM患者200例,采用问卷调查方式入户面对面调查,分析糖尿病相关知行情况及其影响因素。结果调查对象在糖尿病相关知识方面,以“食物交换份”概念、成人身体活动指南和每天活动当量这3项知晓率较低,分别为23.50%、8.50%和6.00%;在行为方面,以能做到控制饮食和按时服药的行为率较高,分别为88.50%和86.50%。调查对象知行总分平均得分8.51分,知识3.27分,行为5.24分。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,知行总分的影响因素为文化程度和是否签约家庭医生服务,与知识得分相关的为是否签约家庭医生服务,与健康行为相关的是知识得分情况。结论江北区T2DM患者知识知晓率和行为率偏低,应积极开展家庭医生签约服务模式,加强个体化健康教育和行为干预。
Objective To investigate the related knowledge and behavior of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to analyze the influencing factors of diabetes mellitus and to provide basis for formulating suitable comprehensive intervention measures. Methods A total of 200 T2DM patients managed by community in Cicheng, Jiangbei District of Ningbo City were sampled by random cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was used to investigate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and related factors. Results The respondents had relatively low awareness of diabetes related knowledge with the concepts of “food exchange”, adult physical activity guideline and daily activity equivalent, with 23.50%, 8.50% and 6.00% respectively. In terms of behavior, In order to be able to control the diet and medication on a timely basis, the rates were 88.50% and 86.50% respectively. The average score of respondents was 8.51 points, knowledge 3.27 points and behavior 5.24 points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the total scores of knowledge and practice were educational level and service of family doctors, knowledge of scores related to whether they were contracted family doctors, and knowledge of scores related to health behaviors. Conclusion The rate of awareness and behavior of patients with T2DM in Jiangbei District is low, and family doctor service pattern should be actively carried out, and individualized health education and behavioral intervention should be strengthened.