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硫酸体系钍氟各级稳定常数对稀土冶炼生产实践具有重要的指导作用。采用溶解度法测定了室温(25℃)下不同酸度的钍氟共存区,采用氟离子选择电极测定不同浓度氟化氢溶液中的游离氟浓度,得到氢氟各级稳定常数。然后根据钍氟共存区图,配制一系列硫酸钍、氢氟酸和硫酸的混合液,测定各溶液中的游离氟浓度,从而得到钍氟各级稳定常数。结果表明,H与F的第1,2级稳定常数分别为k1=664.4,k2=47.9,Th和F的第1,2,3级稳定常数分别为k1=6.27×105,k2=9.68×104,k3=5.36×104。
Sulfuric acid system thorium fluorine stability constants at all levels of rare earth smelting production practice has an important guiding role. The solubility of thorium and fluorine in different acidity at room temperature (25 ℃) was measured by the solubility method. The free fluorine concentration in different concentrations of hydrogen fluoride solution was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode, and the stability constants of hydrofluorocarbon at various levels were obtained. Then according to the diagram of thorium and fluorine coexistence, a series of mixed solution of thorium sulfate, hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid was prepared, and the free fluorine concentration in each solution was measured to obtain stable constants of thorium and fluorine at all levels. The results show that the stability constants of first and second order of H and F are k1 = 664.4 and k2 = 47.9, respectively. The first and second order stability constants of k1 and k2 are k1 = 6.27 × 105 and k2 = 9.68 × 104, respectively , k3 = 5.36 × 104.