尽管过去十几年的企业改革为中国国有企业提供了一个较为宽松的外部环境,大多数国有企业的经济效益却呈明显下降的趋势。国有企业表现不佳的原因十分复杂,学术界为此长期争论不休,越来越多的人已经承认问题的症结与现行的国有制有关。在目前的国有制下,工人和管理人员不拥有企业的资产,因而没有内在的动力去追求企业的收益最大化。同时,国家作为企业的资产所有者,未能通过部门和地方的机构有效地监督企业经营者的行为。在缺乏所有 Although the corporate reforms over the past decade provided a relatively relaxed external environment for Chinese state-owned enterprises, the economic benefits of most state-owned enterprises have shown a marked downward trend. The reason for the poor performance of state-owned enterprises is very complicated. Academics have long debated this endlessly. More and more people have acknowledged that the crux of the problem is related to the existing state-owned system. Under the current state-owned system, workers and managers do not own the assets of the enterprises, so they have no inherent incentive to pursue the maximization of their profits. At the same time, the state, as the asset owner of an enterprise, has failed to effectively monitor the behavior of its business operators through its departments and local agencies. In the absence of all