目的分析癌症风险评估系统在哈尔滨市癌症早诊早治工作的运行现状,评价其应用效果,为探索完善癌症防治模式,制定科学、可行的癌症早诊早治策略提供依据。方法应用国家癌症中心开发的癌症风险评估系统,对哈尔滨市区居民进行流行病学问卷调查和5种高发癌症(肺癌、大肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、上消化道癌)的风险评估工作,对评估出的高危个体进行专项临床筛查。结果运用高危评估系统对16 460名居民进行了癌症风险评估,共评估出癌症高危个体8 848人;进行临床相关检查6009人次,筛查出癌症及癌前病变509例,总阳性率为8.47%。结论通过癌症高危评估系统,对高危人群开展高发癌症的早期筛查,可极大提高肿瘤筛查和早诊早治的有效性和性价比,有利于早期发现癌症及癌前病变,提高癌症的早诊率、治愈率、生存率。 Objective To analyze the operation status of cancer risk assessment system in early diagnosis and early diagnosis of cancer in Harbin and evaluate its application effect so as to provide evidences for exploring a perfect cancer prevention and treatment model and formulating a scientific and feasible cancer early diagnosis and early diagnosis and treatment strategy. Methods Applying the cancer risk assessment system developed by the National Cancer Center, epidemiological survey and five kinds of high risk cancer (lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer) risk assessment were conducted in Harbin urban residents. High-risk individuals assessed for special clinical screening. Results A total of 8,848 individuals with high-risk cancers were assessed using a high-risk assessment system for 16,460 residents. Six hundred and ninety-nine clinical-related tests were performed to screen 509 cancer and precancerous lesions with a total positive rate of 8.47% . Conclusions The early screening of high-risk cancers in high-risk groups can greatly improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of tumor screening and early diagnosis and treatment of early-stage cancer through high-risk cancer evaluation system, which is beneficial to early detection of cancer and precancerous lesions and improvement of early cancer Consultation rate, cure rate, survival rate.