引言欧洲自十八世纪中期,工业革命而後。小规模手工业,渐被大规模机器工业所摧残。降至今日,东西各国,俨成机器世界。凡人类日用所必需,如衣,食,住,行,几无一不直接间接,假机器之助力以造成。且大都借工厂之运用以产生。 但发达愈速,竞争自愈烈。工厂管理,偶有疏虞;则成本加大, Introduction Europe has been the industrial revolution since the mid-18th century. Small-scale handicrafts have been devastated by the large-scale machine industry. As of today, countries from east to west have become the world of machines. All human daily necessities, such as clothing, food, housing, and transportation, are directly and indirectly indirectly and indirectly caused by the aid of false machines. Most of them are produced through the use of factories. However, the faster the development, the more intense the competition. Factory management, occasionally dredging; the cost increases