在文学史教程中,英国作家托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy,1840—1928)通常被归入传统主义或现实主义作家之列.但是,他的许多作品,尤其是他的最后一部小说《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure,1895),充分反映了贯穿整个西方现代主义文学的一个基本主题——异化.从这一意义上说,哈代可以被看作西方现代派文学的先驱之一. In the history of literature, the English writer Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is usually classified as a writer of traditional or realism, but many of his works, especially his last novel, The Nameless Jude the Obscure (1895), fully reflects the alienation, a fundamental theme that runs through the entire West’s modernist literature, and in this sense, Hardy can be seen as one of the forerunners of Western modernist literature.