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近几年,我国“大学生就业难”与“民工荒”现象同时存在。一方面,这被认为是扩招所致供给增加的结果;另一方面,从我国对外贸易方式来看,以加工贸易为主的贸易结构又从需求方面增加了对非技能劳动力的需求。利用2001-2008年我国工业33个行业的面板数据,文章重点从需求方面探讨对外贸易方式对我国工资不平等的影响。结果表明,整体来讲,对外开放增加了我国科技活动人员的相对工资。基于行业特征分组结果表明,一般贸易比重高行业一般贸易出口的增加将提高其相对工资,但加工贸易比重高行业加工贸易出口的增加将降低其相对工资。
In recent years, there are both the phenomenon of “difficult employment of college students” and “shortage of migrant workers” in our country. On the one hand, this is considered to be the result of an increase in supply due to enrollment expansion. On the other hand, from the perspective of China’s foreign trade, the trade structure dominated by processing trade has increased the demand for unskilled labor in terms of demand. Using the panel data of 33 industries in China’s industry from 2001 to 2008, the article focuses on the demand from the aspect of the impact of foreign trade on wage inequality in China. The results show that, on the whole, opening to the outside world has increased the relative wages of our scientific and technological personnel. Based on industry characteristics, the results of the grouping show that the increase in the general trade export of the industry with a high proportion of general trade will increase its relative wage, but the increase in the export of processing trade in the industry with a high proportion of processing trade will reduce its relative wage.