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引言六十年代以来。气垫导轨(以下简称气轨)作为一种教学仪器,逐步在大、中学中得到普及。目前,全国各类学校气轨拥有量已超过五万台。气轨的结构大致可分为三个部分:气源、导轨和检测计时系统。检测计时系统由光电门与数字毫秒计组成。如果测出挡光片的宽度为S,数字毫秒计显示的挡光时间为t,则v=S/t就是滑块在t这段时问里的平均速度。在加速度不太大,而S又较小的情况下,我们可以将这个平均速度近似地看作滑块经过光电门时的瞬时速度。可是毫秒计功能比较简单,无数据处理能力,精度也不能满足某些实验的要求,限制了气轨的应用范围。为此我们采用在大、中学中较普遍的苹果-Ⅱ微型机,
Introduction since the sixties. As a kind of teaching equipment, air-cushion guide rails (hereinafter referred to as air tracks) have gradually gained popularity in universities and middle schools. At present, the number of air routes in various schools across the country has exceeded 50,000 units. The structure of the air track can be roughly divided into three parts: the air source, the guide rail, and the detection and timing system. The detection timing system consists of a photoelectric gate and a digital millisecond meter. If the width of the light barrier is measured as S, and the light blocking time displayed by the digital millisecond meter is t, then v=S/t is the average speed of the slider at time t. In the case where the acceleration is not too great and S is small, we can approximate this average speed as the instantaneous speed at which the slider passes through the photogate. However, the function of the millisecond meter is relatively simple, there is no data processing capability, and the accuracy can not meet the requirements of some experiments, limiting the scope of application of the gas rail. To this end, we use the Apple-II microcomputers that are more common in large and middle schools.