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目的:通过总结“8·12”天津港特大爆炸卫生防疫的实施过程与效果评估,为类似行动卫生防疫工作提供一手资料和参考。方法:亲历“8·12”天津港特大爆炸后20天的救援部队卫生防疫全过程,收集、整理、分析卫生防疫工作数据。结果:通过卫生防疫人员在食品卫生监督、饮水卫生检测,有害生物控制,指导部队落实预防中暑方案等方面的主动作为,达到如下效果:(1)救援第2天,部队能全部利用炊事车开展自加工热食品;食品原料合格率达97.58%;餐厨具消毒效果合格率由64.52%升到90%。(2)水源水检测16项次,合格率100%;储运水检测33项次,合格率72.73%;检测瓶装饮用水36批次,合格率97.22%;饮水机饮用水33份次,合格率84.85%。(3)炊事区蝇密度由中期每天150只/条,降低到后期的每天20只/条。(4)部队全部能坚持中餐和晚餐增加菜汤,100%保证进入救援现场官兵口服补液盐。此次救援部队发病率无明显增加,无中暑事件发生,无食物中毒和食源性疾病发生。结论:“8·12”天津港特大爆炸卫生防疫实施过程,对执行非战争军事行动卫生防疫工作提供了有益启示。
OBJECTIVE: To provide first-hand information and references for the health and epidemic prevention of similar operations by summarizing the implementation process and effectiveness evaluation of the epidemic prevention and control of the “Tianjin Big Bang” on August 12. Methods: Through the whole process of health and epidemic prevention of rescue troops 20 days after the explosion of “8 · 12” in Tianjin Port, we collected, sorted and analyzed the data of epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention work. Results: Through the initiative of health and epidemic prevention personnel in food hygiene supervision, drinking water hygienic detection, pest control and guiding troops to implement programs to prevent heat stroke, the following results were achieved: (1) On the second day of rescue, the troops could fully use the cooking vehicles to carry out Self-processing hot food; food raw materials pass rate of 97.58%; kitchenware disinfection effect pass rate increased from 64.52% to 90%. (2) Water source water testing 16 times, pass rate of 100%; storage and transportation water test 33 times, the pass rate of 72.73%; 36 bottles of drinking water testing, pass rate of 97.22%; drinking fountains 33 times, the passing rate of 84.85 %. (3) The density of flies in the cooking area is reduced from 150 mid-term per day to 20 daily per day. (4) All troops can adhere to lunch and dinner to increase the soup, 100% guaranteed access to the rescue site officers oral rehydration salt. No significant increase in the incidence of the rescue force, no stroke, no food poisoning and foodborne diseases. Conclusion: The implementation of the health and epidemic prevention measures of “8 · 12” Tianjin Big Bang provides useful enlightenment for the implementation of health and epidemic prevention in non-war military operations.