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目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇焦虑的发生率和血清皮质醇水平对产后6个月婴儿气质的影响。方法利用贝克焦虑问卷对125名孕28周的孕妇进行焦虑调查、评估问卷中各因子的分数值;检测其血清皮质醇水平;利用小儿气质问卷调查其产后6个月婴儿的气质。结果孕妇抑郁症状焦虑的发生率为30.4%。婴儿气质:易养型为37.6%,中间型为20.0%,启动缓慢型为11.2%,难养型为3.2%;易养型婴儿孕妇妊娠晚期无焦虑状态的显著多于有焦虑状态孕妇(t=4.51,P=0.047),而难养型孕妇妊娠晚期无焦虑状态的显著少于有焦虑状态孕妇(t=6.37,P=0.008);易养型婴儿孕妇妊娠晚期皮质醇水平显著低于启动缓慢型(P=0.019)与难养型(P=0.028),中间型婴儿孕妇妊娠晚期皮质醇水平显著低于难养型(P=0.036);婴儿气质类型得分与血清皮质醇水平有相关性(t=3.131,P=0.002),与妊娠晚期孕妇贝克焦虑得分也有相关性(t=2.297,P=0.023)。结论婴儿的气质类型与妊娠晚期孕妇的焦虑情绪和其血清皮质醇有显著相关性。
Objective To investigate the incidence of anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester and the effect of serum cortisol on infants’ temperament at 6 months postpartum. Methods The Baker anxiety questionnaire was used to conduct an anxiety survey on 125 pregnant women of 28 weeks pregnant. The scores of each factor in the questionnaire were evaluated. The serum cortisol level was measured. The infant temperament of 6 months postpartum was investigated by questionnaire. Results The incidence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women was 30.4%. Infantile temperament: 37.6% of the type of euthanasia, intermediate type was 20.0%, 11.2% of slow start-up, difficult-to support type was 3.2%; eutopic infant pregnant women were significantly more anxious than normal pregnant women (t = 4.51, P = 0.047). However, pregnant women with difficult-to-treat pregnancy had significantly less anxiety-free status than those with anxiety status during the third trimester of pregnancy (t = 6.37, P = 0.008) (P = 0.019) and dystonia (P = 0.028). The level of cortisol in the third trimester pregnant women was significantly lower than that in the second trimester (P = 0.036). There was a correlation between infant temperament type score and serum cortisol level (t = 3.131, P = 0.002). There was also a significant correlation between Baker’s anxiety score and gestational age (t = 2.297, P = 0.023). Conclusion The type of infant’s temperament is significantly correlated with the anxiety of pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy and its serum cortisol.