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扩张的五大动因为解决行业过度竞争所带来的困扰,在2002年,交通部在全国范围内展开了“道路客运企业经营资质”评定,确定以不同的资质经营不同档次的线路。企业由此向规模化经营方向发展,带动了近年来的兼并重组热潮,比较著名的有江西长运、湖北捷龙、江苏“快鹿”、河北高客、浙江“新干线”等。笔者认为,在如火如荼的并购热潮后面,政府的引导是外因,提高企业竞争力才是主因。哈佛商学院战略管理学家迈克尔·波特认为,企业的竞争优势源于三个方面:“成本领先、产品差异、目标集聚”。
In order to solve the troubles caused by over-competition in the industry, in 2002, the Ministry of Communications launched a nationwide assessment of “operating qualification of road passenger transport enterprises” and determined to operate routes of different grades with different qualifications. As a result, the development of large-scale operation of enterprises has led to the upsurge of mergers and acquisitions in recent years. More famous are Jiangxi Changyun, Hubei Jielong, Jiangsu Kuailu, Hebei Gaoke and Zhejiang Shinkansen. The author believes that the boom in the booming mergers and acquisitions behind the government’s guidance is the external cause, improve business competitiveness is the main reason. Michael Porter, a strategic management scientist at Harvard Business School, argues that the competitive advantage of an enterprise stems from three aspects: “cost leadership, product differentiation, and goal agglomeration.”