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目的了解2007—2013年泰安市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行病学特征,为防治提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对泰安市2007—2013年乙脑疫情资料进行分析。结果 2007—2013年泰安市共报告乙脑病例75例,呈散发状态,年均发病率为0.19/10万;死亡1例,病死率1.33%。整体疫情趋势平稳,2013年度乙脑发病有大幅提高;8—9月份为高发季节,占全部病例的88.00%;发病主要集中在40岁以上(55例,占73.33%),小于15岁发病者共计13例,占全部发病的17.33%。患者以农民(46例,61.33%)为主。患者未接种过乙脑疫苗的有28例,占调查病例的37.33%。结论泰安市乙脑疫情仍处于散发状态,2013年受乙脑自然流行周期影响,发病有大幅增加,农村是防治的重点地区。加强乙脑病例监测,落实乙脑疫苗的预防接种、防蚊灭蚊为主的综合防治措施是降低乙脑发病的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Tai’an City from 2007 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Tai’an from 2007 to 2013. Results A total of 75 cases of JE were reported in Tai’an from 2007 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 0.19 / 100 000; 1 died and the case fatality rate was 1.33%. The overall epidemic trend was stable. The incidence of Japanese encephalitis increased significantly in 2013; the incidence was 88.00% in all cases in August-September; the incidence was mainly in those over 40 (55 cases, 73.33%), those less than 15 years old A total of 13 cases, accounting for 17.33% of the total incidence. The patients were farmers (46 cases, 61.33%). Twenty-eight patients had not been vaccinated with Japanese encephalitis vaccine, accounting for 37.33% of the surveyed cases. Conclusion The epidemic situation of Japanese encephalitis in Tai’an City is still in a state of emancipation. In 2013, the epidemic of JE affected the occurrence of JE greatly, and the rural areas were the key areas for prevention and treatment. To strengthen the monitoring of Japanese encephalitis cases, implement the preventive vaccination against Japanese encephalitis B vaccine and the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on mosquito control and mosquito control are the keys to reduce the incidence of Japanese encephalitis.