从二十世纪开始,现代自然科学的发展很快,突出的特点就是各学科之间相互渗透,相互交织,向着分化和综合两方面发展,从而使分支科学和跨界科学大量出现。所谓边缘科学,就是近年来出现的一种学科,它是以两种或多种学科为基础而发展起来的一门科学,例如地球化学,它就是以地质学和化学为础的一门边缘科学。随着新科学的不断涌现,人们的认识视野不断开阔,使现代自然科学的体系结构具有更加丰富的内容,成为既有层次而又完整的体系,它不仅包括基础科学,而且还包括 Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the development of modern natural science has been developing rapidly. The salient feature is the interpenetration and interweaving of various disciplines and the development toward diversification and integration so that a large number of branch science and transboundary science emerge. The so-called fringe science is a discipline emerging in recent years. It is a science based on two or more disciplines, such as geochemistry, which is an edge science based on geology and chemistry . With the continuous emergence of new science, people have constantly broaden their horizons and made the architecture of modern natural science more rich. It has become an established and complete system. It not only includes basic sciences, but also includes