DNA疫苗能同时诱导体液和细胞免疫反应,在目前的研究中备受重视。但其诱导免疫反应的效率相对较低,尤其是对于大型动物种系和人类,这一缺点影响了其实际应用。尽管付出了相当大的努力来提高DNA疫苗的运输和提呈效率,但在接种DNA疫苗后诱导的免疫反应中仍只能检测到少量抗原。目前在提高和调节DNA疫苗诱导的免疫反应方面有两种补充策略:一是补充应用编码细胞因子的质粒;二是通过融合与细胞表面受体分子结合的蛋白分子,将DNA疫苗编码的抗原靶向导入到细胞表面。本文就这两个方面的研究进展作了综述。 DNA vaccine can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, and has drawn much attention in the current research. However, its efficiency in inducing immune response is relatively low, especially for large animal germlines and humans, which has its practical application. Despite considerable efforts to improve DNA vaccine delivery and presentation efficiency, only a small number of antigens have been detected in the immune response induced after DNA vaccination. At present, there are two complementary strategies for improving and regulating the DNA vaccine-induced immune response: one is to replug the plasmid that encodes the cytokines; the other is to fuse the antigenic target encoded by the DNA vaccine with the protein molecule that binds to the cell surface receptor molecule Import onto the cell surface. This article reviews the progress of these two aspects.