人类学理论产生于过去,但在运用和选择这一理论观点之前,必须对这些早先的观点有所了解,因为其中有些观点还在起作用,或者现今以固有的形式复活。被称为人类学童年的西方传统,是在希腊、罗马和西欧地区发展起来的,包括关于人类的相互有联系的一系列观念,其中也有一些阿拉伯的观念。现简单地介绍一下几个主要的理论概念和对人类学各学派的发展有所贡献、并将其推进到当代水平的重要学者。 Anthropological theories arose in the past, but before they could be used and chosen, one must understand some of these earlier ideas, some of which are still working or are now resurrected in their own right. The Western tradition, known as the childhood of anthropology, was developed in Greece, Rome, and Western Europe, including a series of interrelated ideas about human beings, among them some Arabian ideas. Now briefly introduce some of the major theoretical concepts and important scholars who have contributed to the development of anthropological schools and advanced them to the present level.