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为破解农村城市化过程中土地、资金双重约束的难题,加快城市化进程,天津市在“城中村”土地改造中,采取了宅基地换房的做法。此种做法具有行政权力主导性、土地征收伴随性、宅基地收回无偿性的特点。虽然取得一定成效,但是在实践中还存在着主体错位、农民的选择权、房屋所有权和宅基地使用权受到侵害,农民的利益难以得到保障、不能分享土地增值收益等诸多法律上的障碍和问题。要解决上述问题,必须依法确定农民集体行使宅基地换房权利的组织机构,通过修改相关法律条款和充分发挥政府的公共管理职能来依法保障农民合法财产权利,同时还应当依法保障农民“宅基地换房”的知情权和参与权,建立和完善保护农民合理的利益分配法律制度。
In order to solve the problem of dual constraints on land and capital during rural urbanization and to speed up the process of urbanization, Tianjin adopted the practice of changing homesteads for land in the transformation of “urban villages”. This approach has the leading power of administration, concomitant land acquisition, homestead to recover the characteristics of gratuitous nature. Although some achievements have been made, there are still many legal obstacles and problems in practice such as the dislocation of the main body, the peasants ’option, the infringement of the right to use the house and the right to use the house, the insufficiency of peasants’ interests and the failure to share the benefits of land value appreciation . To solve the above problems, we must determine the peasants’ collective organizations that exercise the right to change homesteads in accordance with the law, and protect the legitimate property rights of peasants by law and by giving full play to the government’s public management functions. At the same time, peasants should be protected according to law Base change room "the right to information and participation, establish and improve the reasonable protection of peasants, the legal system of the distribution of benefits.