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过去血液恶性疾患很快死亡,由于细胞毒药物治疗的进展,此类患者已有可能生存数年之久。除了细胞毒药物的急性和慢性毒性作用外,特别还观察到第二种癌种的出现,显得更为重要。理论上第二种恶性肿癌可由各种不同的原因产生: 1.由于细胞毒药物的直接致癌作用; 2.由于细胞毒药物的间接作用,即细胞毒药物改变了免疫状态; 3.由原来疾病本身所引起,它引致肿瘤免疫紊乱。由于大剂量、长期使用细胞毒药物,同时又有严重的免疫紊乱的缘故,在一些疾患的病程中,特别常常观察到一种第二癌种,例如在何杰金氏病和浆细胞瘤。要想说明原因上的联
In the past, hematological malignancies were quickly dying, and due to advances in the treatment of cytotoxic drugs, such patients have been able to survive for several years. In addition to the acute and chronic toxic effects of cytotoxic drugs, it is particularly important to observe the emergence of the second cancer species. In theory, the second malignant tumor can be caused by a variety of reasons: 1. Because of the direct carcinogenic effects of cytotoxic drugs; 2. Because of the indirect effect of cytotoxic drugs, that is, cytotoxic drugs changed the immune status; 3. From the original The disease itself causes it, which causes tumor immune disorders. Due to the high doses, long-term use of cytotoxic drugs, along with severe immune disorders, a second cancer species is particularly frequently observed during the course of some disorders, such as in Hodgkin’s disease and plasmacytoma. To explain why the couple