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P2X是ATP配体门控离子通道,属P2受体族。与细胞外ATP结合时P2X通道开放,允许阳离子(Na~+、Ca~(2+)等)通过。已克隆了7个哺乳动物的P2X(P2X_(1-7))受体,并阐明了其结构和功能。天然P2X可以同型或异聚体形式组成离子通道,在包括血液在内的多种组织中存在,与信号传导有关。P2X的异常与人类疾病的关系已引起关注,如慢性淋巴细胞白血病P2X的表达水平可能有预后意义。本文介绍P2X的结构、功能及其与血细胞关系的研究进展。
P2X is an ATP ligand-gated ion channel belonging to the P2 receptor family. P2X channels open when bound to extracellular ATP, allowing cations (Na ~ +, Ca ~ (2+), etc.) to pass through. Seven mammalian P2X (P2X_ (1-7)) receptors have been cloned and their structure and function elucidated. Natural P2X can form ion channels in the form of homopolymers or heteromers, which exist in many tissues, including blood, and are involved in signal transduction. The relationship between P2X abnormalities and human diseases has drawn much attention. For example, the expression level of P2X in chronic lymphocytic leukemia may have prognostic significance. This article describes the structure and function of P2X and its relationship with blood cells.