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目的：评估比较目前三种主流技术对小肝癌的治疗作用及对患者预后的影响。创新点：首次同时比较两种手术技术和一种微创射频技术对小肝癌患者的治疗效果，并且将小肝癌患者通过年龄分层，获得最优的治疗选择，以期指导临床上更个性化及精准化的治疗方案。方法：选取2005年至2010年间94例符合单个肿瘤直径小于5 cm或不超过3个肿瘤且每个肿瘤直径小于3 cm的小肝癌患者，分至3个治疗组，分别为腹腔镜肝切除组（28例）、经皮射频消融组（33例）和开放肝切除组（33例）。经过3年的跟踪随访，统计比较3组患者的疾病预后及相关指标。结论：本研究中统计结果显示，经皮射频消融组的无瘤生存率和总生存率明显比两个手术组低（图2和3）。腹腔镜手术组和开放手术组的生存及预后情况无明显差异，而腹腔镜手术组的创伤和术后并发症率要低于开放手术组（表2）。本研究根据中心经验将全部患者以60岁进行年龄划分（图5和6）。对于60岁以下的小肝癌患者来说，手术的效果明显优于射频消融术，故应优先选择微创的腹腔镜肝切除术；60岁以上的小肝癌患者经射频治疗获得的生存结果与手术无显著差异，同时射频治疗具有创伤轻微、可重复、并发症少等优势，故可以酌情选择手术或射频治疗。“,”Objective: Three mainstream techniques—laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA), and open hepatectomy (OH)—were compared in this study, in terms of their efficacies in the treat-ment of smal hepatocelular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A comparative study was performed within a total of 94 patients diagnosed with smal HCC in our hospital from 2005 to 2010, who underwent LH (28), RFA (33), or OH (33). They had either a single tumor lesion of less than 5 cm or up to three nodules with diameters of less than 3 cm each. Outcomes were carefully evaluated throughout a 3-year folow-up interval and statisticaly interpreted. Results: The pRFA group had a significantly lower disease-free survival rate compared with the two surgical groups (P=0.001) and significantly shorter overall survival (P=0.005), while the LH group and the OH group had no difference in survival results. For patients younger than 60 years old, surgical approaches offered a better long-term overal survival prognosis (P=0.008). There were no statisticaly significant differences among the three groups in overall survival for elderly patients (P=0.104). Conclusions: Among patients with smal HCC, LH may provide better curative effects than pRFA without increasing complication rates. pRFA leads to faster recurrence than surgical resections. LH has similar therapeutic effects to OH and causes less trauma. For patients younger than 60 years old, LH may be the best curative treatment. Elderly patients may choose either surgery or pRFA.