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0.1汉语的虚词大多由实词虚化而来。所谓虚化,是指实词向虚词的转化,或者较虚的词向更虚的词的转化。即:词汇单位在使用过程中由于某种因素的影响逐渐失去其原有的意义、转而获得一种新的语法意义、其语法性质和语法功能亦随之发生根本性变化的过程。0.2汉语的各类虚词中都有不少功能相同的同义词,这些同义词往往是由同义或不同义的词汇单位平行虚化而产生的。所谓平行虚化,是指不同词汇单位由于分布在相同的句法環境中受到相同的因素的影响,从而出现方向相同的虚化。本文主要讨论两个问题,一是平行虚化现象的根源,二是平行虚化的类型。
Most of the functional words in 0.1 Chinese come from the real words. The so-called virtualization, refers to the conversion of real words to function words, or more virtual words to more virtual words. That is to say, the unit of vocabulary gradually loses its original meaning due to the influence of some factor in the process of using it, and instead obtains a new grammatical meaning, whose grammatical nature and grammatical function also undergo fundamental changes. There are quite a few synonyms of the same function in all kinds of function words of 0.2 Chinese, these synonyms are often generated by the parallel virtualization of synonymous or disparate vocabulary units. The so-called parallel virtualization means that different lexical units are affected by the same factors due to their distribution in the same syntactic environment, resulting in the same direction of virtualization. This article focuses on two issues, one is the root causes of parallelism, the other is parallel virtualization type.