Exosomes是由细胞多囊体形成的一种膜性小囊泡,其来源十分广泛。Exosomes的功能最初被认为仅仅是降解内吞物质,但经多年来的研究发现,exosomes的特异功能与其来源细胞密切相关。其携带多种独特的蛋白,如黏附蛋白、热休克蛋白等,它们在信号传导中起重要作用。由于exosomes能够传递抗原给T细胞,使其在免疫系统中也具有重要作用,可作为一种免疫治疗的新手段,应用于肿瘤治疗和免疫耐受等方面。本文主要对exosomes诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答和免疫抑制两方面的功能机制作一综述。 Exosomes is a membranous vesicle formed by the cellular multicylas, which has a wide variety of sources. The function of Exosomes was originally thought to be only degradation of endocytic substances, but after years of study found that the specific function of exosomes and its cells are closely related. It carries a variety of unique proteins, such as adhesion proteins, heat shock proteins and the like, which play important roles in signal transduction. Because exosomes can transmit antigens to T cells and play an important role in the immune system, they can be used as a new immunotherapy method for tumor treatment and immune tolerance. This review summarizes the functional mechanisms of exosomes in inducing anti-tumor immune responses and immunosuppression.