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★作者简介★丹尼尔·笛福(1660-1731),出生于英国伦敦的一个商人家庭,父亲从事屠宰业。笛福只受过中等教育便开始经商,经营过内衣、烟酒等,二十多岁时已是伦敦一个体面的商人了。1692年因经商破产,不得不开始采取其他方式谋生。他给政府当过情报员,设计过开发事业。早年以写政论文和讽刺诗著称,反对封建专制,主张发展资本主义工商业。1698年发表了《论开发》,建议修筑公路,开办银行,征
★Author’s profile ★ Daniel Defoe (1660-1731), a merchant family born in London, England, whose father is engaged in slaughtering. Defoe started his business only after receiving secondary education. He had traded underwear, tobacco and alcohol, and was a decent businessman in London in his twenties. In 1692, because of the bankruptcy of business, he had to start taking other means to make a living. He served as an intelligence officer for the government and designed a development project. In his early years, he was known for his political writings and satires. He opposed feudal autocracy and advocated the development of capitalist industry and commerce. In 1698, “On Development” was published, suggesting the construction of highways, opening of banks, and signing