一、品种育种目标和选育经过针对目前推广品种中品质较差、稳产性差、耐贮运性差等问题,我们在西瓜育种工作中以优质、多抗、稳产、高产、耐贮运等为育种目标。具体方法是:2000年在本所搜集的种质资源复合群体中选出优良单株,连续6代自交(加代)纯合,按需要性状进行选择和定向培育,育出纯合的稳定材料作为母本,命名为M06-2,特点是成熟早、瓜果大、果硬、圆形、皮色脆绿、质地好、产量高;2004年在日本巨宝中选出优良单株,连续4代自交纯合,按需要性状进行选择和定向培育,育出纯合的稳定材料作为父本,命名为M113,特点是果大、长椭圆形、生长旺盛、坐果力强、果肉红色、糖度高、耐贮运、抗病性强。2005年将父、母本进行杂交组合,根据育种目标进行筛选试验,顺序排列,不设重复,用开杂2号穿插其中做CK,每个小区种20株,通过田间鉴定和室内鉴定,从中选出包括M06-2×M113在内的较优组合8个; First, breeding objectives and breeding varieties After the promotion of the current varieties of poor quality, poor stability, poor storage resistance and other issues, we in the watermelon breeding work to high-quality, multi-resistance, stable yield, high yield, storage and transportation for breeding aims. The specific method is as follows: In 2000, excellent single plants were selected from the composite population of germplasm resources collected by our institute and were selfed for 6 generations (homozygous), homozygous for selection according to the desired traits and directional cultivation, to breed homozygous stable materials As the female parent, named M06-2, characterized by early maturity, fruit large, hard, round, skin color crisp green, good texture, high yield; selected in 2004 in Japan Giant Trellis single plant, continuous 4 generations of selfing and homozygous selection and selection according to the desired traits and directional breeding bred stable material homozygous as a male parent, named M113, characterized by large fruit, long oval, strong growth, strong fruit setting, red flesh, High sugar, storage and transportation, disease resistance. In 2005, the parents and their parents were crossed and selected for screening according to their breeding objectives. They were arranged in sequence and no duplication was made. CK was planted in intercropping plant No. 2 and 20 plants in each plot were identified. Eight excellent combinations including M06-2 × M113 were selected.