1.前言 日本是一个台风、暴雨、滑坡、地震等自然灾害频繁的国家。115年铁路的历史也可以说是与灾害作斗争的历史。为防止灾害发生,投资加强有关设施是极为有效的手段。1965年至1985年期间,在桥梁、隧道的加固,路堑、路堤边坡防护,落石、雪崩防护设施和改线等方面进行了投资,结果全国灾害件数逐年大幅 1. Introduction Japan is a country where typhoons, heavy rains, landslides, earthquakes and other natural disasters are frequent. The history of 115 years of railways can also be described as a history of fighting disasters. To prevent disasters, investing in strengthening the facilities is an extremely effective means. From 1965 to 1985, investments were made in the reinforcement of bridges and tunnels, road cutting, slope protection of embankments, rockfalls, avalanche protection facilities and rerouting. As a result, the number of disasters in the country increased significantly year by year