腹泻常见于应用抗微生物剂治疗的患者,它往往是一种可恢复的状态,由粪便正常菌丛改变所致。与抗微生物剂治疗有关的一种更严重的腹泻称为假膜性小肠结肠炎(PMC),此病发生于四环素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢菌素和克林达霉素治疗后。据报告葡萄球菌、假单胞菌和变形杆菌等可引起PMC。最近Larson等报导产生毒素的梭状芽胞杆菌[特别是难辨梭状芽胞杆菌(CD)]亦可引起PMC。CD是革兰氏阳性专 Diarrhea is common in patients treated with antimicrobial agents, it is often a recoverable state, caused by changes in normal feces flora. A more severe form of diarrhea associated with the treatment of antimicrobials is called pseudomembranous enterocolitis (PMC), which occurs after tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cephalosporin, and clindamycin. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and Proteus are reported to cause PMC. Larson et al. Recently reported that toxins producing Clostridium [especially Clostridium difficile (CD)] also cause PMC. CD is a Gram-positive specialist