一、病毒的复制细胞微生物(如细菌)以成熟细胞的分裂形式繁殖,通常是一个分裂成两个。在分裂的所有阶段都是完整的,能够生存,并被确认为细菌。病毒的复制方式则极不同于细胞微生物。当病毒粒子进入一个寄主细胞时,首先脱去其病毒外壳,部份或全部地拆散成其组成的高分子。然后病毒基因组或由其转录形成的信使核糖核酸(mRNA),经过寄主的翻译装置,翻译成新的病毒蛋白,核酸基因组被复制,子代核酸与一种或一种以上的新的病毒蛋白分子一起装配成为子代病毒粒子。在一个病毒复制循环的某些阶段中,完整的病毒粒子并不存在。许多证据表明:病毒核酸的复制,以及翻译成蛋白,在某种程度上是独立的过程,而且在寄主细 First, the virus replication Cell microorganisms (such as bacteria) to mature cell division in the form of breeding, usually one split into two. In all stages of division is complete, able to survive and be recognized as bacteria. The way viruses replicate is very different from cellular microbes. When a virion enters a host cell, it first strikes off its viral shell and partially or completely disassembles into its constituent macromolecules. The viral genome or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcribed therefrom is then translated into a new viral protein by a host translation device, the nucleic acid genome is replicated, and the progeny nucleic acid is contacted with one or more new viral protein molecules Assemble together into progeny virus particles. At some stage of a viral replication cycle, the complete virion does not exist. Much evidence suggests that viral nucleic acid replication, as well as translation into proteins, is to some extent an independent process,