车轴表面的应力状态是决定车轴的使用寿命和机车运行可靠性的关键因素之一,工艺参数对车轴表面应力状态产生重要影响。通过EA4T车轴车削正交试验与单因素试验,研究了工艺参数各因素如切削速度、进给速度、切削深度等对表面残余应力影响规律,揭示了工艺参数与表面残余应力分布关系之间的内在机制,提出了可以反映拉应力和压应力状态的残余应力综合预测模型。研究结果表明:残余应力预测模型对残余应力的产生起到较好的预测效果,与试验结果基本吻合。工艺参数中进给速度对表面残余应力作用最为显著,随进给速度增加,表面残余应力显著增大;其次为切削深度,在一定范围内,随切削深度增加表面残余应力逐渐减小;切削速度对残余应力影响呈波动变化。 Axle surface stress state is to determine the service life of the axle and locomotive running reliability of one of the key factors, the process parameters of the axle surface stress conditions have a significant impact. Through the orthogonal test and single factor test of EA4T axle turning, the influence of various factors such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface residual stress was studied, and the relationship between process parameters and surface residual stress distribution was revealed Mechanism, proposed a comprehensive prediction model of residual stress that can reflect the state of tensile stress and compressive stress. The results show that the prediction model of residual stress plays a good predictive role in the generation of residual stress, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. In the process parameters, the feed rate has the most significant effect on the surface residual stress. With the increase of the feed rate, the surface residual stress increases significantly, followed by the depth of cut. Within a certain range, the surface residual stress decreases with the increase of the cutting depth. The influence of residual stress fluctuates.