水仙茶树的新梢生育与气候

来源 :浙江农业科学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:vovoyoo
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在杭州地区,水仙茶树品种年生长期自3月中旬至11月中旬,計达8个月左右。自然生长新梢年生长二到三个輪次,輪次明显。采叶茶树年生长四到五个輪次,各輪次芽叶的长度和重量,有随輪次的增加而逐輪下降的趋势。秋冬季停止生长期的营养芽(頂芽),一般以膨大或鱗片展的状态休止越冬。 溫度是影响茶树营养芽春季开始和冬季停止生长的主要气候因子。水仙茶树品种营养芽春季开始和冬季停止生长,对最低溫度的要求是一致的。在采摘条件下,茶树新梢萌发生长的輪次可显著增加,但年生长期并沒有因此而改变或延长。1962年春季温度低,上升慢,是影响当年春茶季节推迟的主要原因,但对当年春茶的产量并无不良影响,这是因为春梢展叶后的气候条件对春梢的生育是十分有利的。不同年份,因气候条件的某些变化,茶树新梢的生育表现也会有不同,但不論在当年的具体气候条件下,某个物候现象的出现需要多少日数,在什么时期出现,是提早还是延迟,这主要决定于有效积溫。相同物候期出现时所需的有效积溫是相同的。說明物候现象的出现与一定数量的有效积溫有着非常密切的关系。因此,如何計算并了解茶树各物候期出现时所需的有效积溫,这在生产上有重要意义,值得进一步研究。处在活跃生长期的茶树新梢,对溫度的反应是敏感的。新梢一日间生长量增长的变化,是决定于以温度为主的气候条件的变化。新梢在春季是昼夜不断地增长着,以白天的增长比夜晚的增长多,7月中旬則絕大部分是在夜晚增长的。 In the Hangzhou area, the annual growth period of Narcissus tea varieties is about 8 months from mid-March to mid-November. Natural growth shoots grow two to three rounds, rounds obvious. Leaf tea tree growth of four to five rounds of growth, each round of the length and weight of bud leaves, with the round of the increase and the downward trend by wheel. Nutritional buds that stop growing in the autumn and winter (buds) are generally overwinter with the state of enlargement or scale development. Temperature is the main climatic factor that affects the beginning of spring nutrition of tea tree and the stop of growth in winter. Narcissus tea varieties nutrition buds began to stop spring and winter growth, the minimum temperature requirements are the same. Under the conditions of picking, the shoot growth of tea shoots increased significantly, but the annual growth period did not change or prolong. The low temperature and the slow increase in spring 1962 were the main reasons that affected the postponement of the spring tea season, but had no adverse effect on the yield of the spring tea. This was because the spring climatic conditions after spring leaf stretching were very good for the spring shoots advantageous. In different years, the reproductive performance of tea shoots will vary according to some changes in climatic conditions. However, no matter how many days of occurrence of phenological phenomena occurs in a specific climatic condition of the current year or at what time, Delay, which is mainly determined by the effective accumulated temperature. The effective accumulated temperature required for the same phenophase is the same. It shows that there is a very close relationship between phenological phenomena and a certain amount of effective accumulated temperature. Therefore, how to calculate and understand the effective accumulated temperature required for the emergence of various phenophases in tea plantations, which is of great significance in the production and deserves further study. In the active growing season of tea shoots, the response to temperature is sensitive. The change of shoot growth during the day depends on the change of temperature-based climatic conditions. Shoots are growing day and night in spring, growing more in the daytime than in the night, and most in mid-July in the night.
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