在市场经济体制非常完善的国家，行业协会在管理成员企业上的作用甚至超过了政府。国外协会在管理经济中的角色因不同国家不同行业而有所差别，但其宗旨和职能基本一致，都是代表成员企业利益，在企业之间、企业与政府之间在发挥“桥梁”和“纽带”作用的民间组织，行政上不受 In countries with a well-developed market economy, industry associations have even played a role in managing member companies. The role of foreign associations in the management of the economy varies according to the different industries in different countries, but their purposes and functions are basically the same. They all represent the interests of the member companies, and they play a “bridge” and “between” companies and governments. The role of civil organizations, ties, is not subject to administrative