先天性白血病系指在新生儿期出现白血病症状者。急性单核细胞型者实属罕见。现将笔者所见一例报道如下: 患儿,男,27天。不规则发热20天伴口腔溃烂、皮肤肿块7天,之前有“挑马牙”史。以“白血病”、“新生儿败血症可疑”入院。患儿系第一胎第一产,足月顺产,母乳喂养,未接受任何预防接种。其母孕期经常感冒发热。曾用过青霉素、链霉素、土霉索,退热片等药。体检:T 38℃,P 140次、呼吸40次。发育营养佳,两足底可见数个针尖大小之出血点。右眉弓、左耳后、背部、会阴等处可见数个小肿块约0.5×1cm大小,耻骨联合处可见一肿块约3×3cm,质硬,活动度差,无明显触痛、无红肿。枕后、耳后、颈部、颌下、腋下及腹股沟等处均 Congenital leukemia refers to the symptoms of leukemia in neonates. Acute monocytic type is rare. Now I see a case reported as follows: children, male, 27 days. Irregular fever 20 days with oral ulcers, skin mass 7 days, before the “pick horse teeth” history. To “leukemia”, “neonatal sepsis suspicious” admission. Pediatric first-birth first child, term full-term, breast-feeding, did not receive any vaccination. The first trimester cold and fever. Have used penicillin, streptomycin, soil mold cable, fever tablets and other drugs. Physical examination: T 38 ℃, P 140 times, breathing 40 times. Development of good nutrition, two feet at the end of the size of the tip of the bleeding point. Right eyebrows, left ear, back, perineum and other places can be seen several small tumors about 0.5 × 1cm size, pubic symphysis can be seen a mass of about 3 × 3cm, hard, poor mobility, no obvious tenderness, no swelling. Pillow, ear, neck, jaw, armpits and groin, etc. are all