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压力因素在煤化作用中的意义是一个长期争议的问题,其主要原因在于混淆了地层压力和构造应力两种不同性质的“压力”作用,前者有利于物理煤化作用但抑制化学煤化作用,后者对物理煤化作用和化学煤化作用均具有促进作用.与有机大分子演化途径相适应,构造应力影响化学煤化作用存在两种基本机制—应力降解和应力缩聚.应力降解是指构造应力以机械力或动能形式作用于煤有机大分子,使煤芳环结构上的侧链、官能团等分解能较低的化学键断裂,降解为分子量较小的自由基团,以流体有机质形式(烃类)逸出的过程.应力缩聚是指在各向异性的构造应力作用下,煤芳环叠片通过旋转、位移、趋于平行排列使秩理化程度提高,基本结构单元定向生长和优先拼叠、芳香稠环体系增大的过程.采用X衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外(FTIR)和岩石热解(Rock-Eval)等技术,进行构造煤系列和非构造煤系列的对比分析,结果表明,构造变形煤具有脂族吸收峰弱而芳核吸收峰强、热解生烃潜力相对较低、基本结构单元增大等显著特征.应力降解和应力缩聚机制的提出,并未否认有机质演化的温度主导作用,只是强调构造应力在煤化作用中的“催化”意义.
The significance of the pressure factor in coalification is a long-term controversial issue mainly due to the confusion of two different “pressure” effects of formation pressure and tectonic stress. The former is beneficial to physical coalification but inhibits chemical coalification, while the latter Both physical and chemical coalification can promote the role of organic macromolecules with the evolutionary path adapted to tectonic stress effects of chemical coalification there are two basic mechanisms - stress degradation and stress condensation. Stress degradation refers to the tectonic stress to mechanical or Kinetic energy forms the organic macromolecules of coal, which make the side chains and functional groups in the aromatic structure of coal disintegrate to lower the chemical bond, and break down into free radicals of smaller molecular weight to escape in the form of fluid organic matter (hydrocarbons) Stress-polycondensation means that under the action of anisotropic tectonic stress, the coal-aromatic ring laminates increase the degree of physical and chemical properties through the rotation, displacement, and parallel arrangement, and the directional growth and preferential stacking of basic structural units increase Large-scale processes, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and rock-Eval techniques, The results show that tectonic deformation coal has the prominent features of weak aliphatic absorption peak, strong aromatic nucleus absorption peak, relatively low potential for hydrocarbon generation in pyrolysis, and the increase of basic structural units. Stress Degradation and Stress The proposed polycondensation mechanism did not deny the temperature-dominated role of organic matter evolution, but emphasizes the “catalytic” significance of tectonic stress in coalification.