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目的:探讨生命早期环境因素、遗传因素和遗传与环境交互作用对子代近期和远期健康的影响以及系统评价和比较辅助生殖受孕和自然受孕人群的妊娠结局和子代健康相关结局。方法:中国国家出生队列（CNBC）研究是一项覆盖辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性出生队列研究。2016年，CNBC项目陆续在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）的24所医院启动，以家庭为单位纳入研究对象，并在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及出生后第42天、6个月、12个月、36个月多个时点采集数据信息和生物样本。结果:截至2020年6月，CNBC共纳入27 044个辅助生殖受孕家庭，29 589个自然受孕家庭，CNBC的研究人群中绝大部分为城市居民。在辅助生殖受孕家庭中，男女双方分别有65.5%和63.7%为大学及以上文化程度，年龄为（33.83±5.52）和（32.38±4.67）岁；女方83.2%为初产妇，吸烟率为0.8%，饮酒率为2.1%。在自然受孕家庭中，男女双方分别有81.5%和86.5%为大学及以上文化程度，年龄为（32.06±5.09）和（30.40±4.27）岁，女方67.2%为初产妇，吸烟率为0.1%，饮酒率为2.2%。不同地区的辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的基线特征均有差异。结论:CNBC的建立将为研究生命早期遗传、环境因素、遗传-环境交互作用以及辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素对出生后子代健康的影响提供了重要资源。“,”Objective:To explore the effects of environmental, genetic factors as well as the interactions in early life on the short-term and long-term health of offspring and to systematically evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and health of offspring after birth between families with assisted reproductive technology (ART) conception and families with spontaneous conception.Methods:The China National Birth Cohort (CNBC), a multicenter prospective birth cohort study, includes both families with ART conception and families with spontaneous conception. Since 2016, CNBC has recruited families from 24 hospitals located in 12 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions throughout China. Information and biospecimens were collected before ART treatment, embryo transfer, at early, second, third trimester and delivery, and at 42 days, 6, 12 and 36 months after birth.Results:By June 2020, CNBC had included 27 044 families with ART conception and 29 589 families with spontaneous conception. The majority of the participants are urban residents. Among the families with ART conception, 65.5% of the men and 63.7% of the women had college degrees or higher. The mean age distribution of men and women was (33.83±5.52) and (32.38±4.67) years. 83.2% of women were primiparas, and the prevalence rates of current regular smokers and current alcohol drinkers were 0.8% and 2.1% in women. Among the families with spontaneous conception, 81.5% of the men and 86.5% of the women had college degrees or higher. The mean age distribution of men and women was (32.06±5.09) and (30.40±4.27) years. 67.2% of women were primiparas, and the prevalence rates of current regular smokers and current alcohol drinkers were 0.1% and 2.2% in women. The baseline characteristics were different between the families with ART conception and spontaneous conception in different regions.Conclusion:CNBC provides a powerful and rich resource in studying the impact of genetic, environmental factors and interactions in early life and ART treatment on the health of offspring after birth.