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心房颤动(房颤)和慢性肾病发病率都随着年龄的增长而增高，房颤合并慢性肾病患者脑卒中和出血风险增加。抗凝治疗可以降低房颤患者脑卒中发生率，华法林是临床上房颤患者最常用的抗凝药物，但目前房颤合并终末期肾病患者从华法林治疗中获益的报道较少见。新型口服抗凝药与华法林在房颤抗凝中同样有效，且更加安全、有效、容易管理。目前房颤合并肾病抗凝治疗的观点仍存在争议。“,”Incidence of chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and atrial fibrillation ( AF ) generally increase with age. Patients with AF combined with CKD are at increased risk of both stroke and bleeding events. Anti-coagulation treatment has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. Warfarin is the most commonly used antico-agulant drugs in AF patients,while until now few studies indicated that patients with end-stage renal disease could benefit from warfarin therapy. The novel oral anticoagulants was shown non-inferior and more effective, safer and easier to administer compared to warfarin. There is controversy on the benefits of anticoagulation in patients with AF combined with renal diseases.