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抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎是近年来新认识的一种特异性抗原(抗体)相关性自身免疫性脑炎。绝大多数呈一种综合征样表现，具有一系列复杂的神经精神症状，早期多因精神症状而误诊，因此该病的诊断对临床医师是一项巨大挑战，其诊断需要结合临床特点及辅助检查进行综合分析。尽早的确诊该病和多学科团队的积极综合治疗，能更大程度促进神经功能恢复并获得长期良好的预后。“,”Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis is a recently recognized specific antigen ( or antibody) associated autoimmune encephalitis,most evolving towards a similar syndrome with a series of com-plex neuropsychiatric symptoms. As a consequence of psychiatric symptoms in initial stage,many are misdiag-nosed. Therefore,it is indeed a great challenge for clinical physicians. The diagnosis is a comprehensive analysis combined clinical features with auxiliary examinations. In order to achieve significant neurological improvements and a favorable long-term prognosis with the help of a timely and active multidisciplinary team, it should be diagnosed definitively as soon as possible.