一、当前国内外住宅建筑工业化的发展概况自第二次世界大战以后,欧洲许多国家曾面临着严重的房荒。其原因大致有三:一是由于战争的严重破坏;二是由于经济的不足;三是由于落后的建筑技术,施工速度跟不上。因此,欧洲各国在建筑业方面纷纷进行巨大的技术改造。从五十年代开始,逐步掀起了建筑工业化的高潮,至六十年代已扩及到美、日等国。这是属于第一代建筑工业化时期,在这一时期“专用体系”居于主导地位。至七十年代起才进入第二代,也就是由“专用体系”转变为“通用体系”的时期,构件商品化了,它具有通用性和互换性。1974年,联合国经济社会事 I. Overview of the current development of industrialization of residential buildings at home and abroad Since the Second World War, many European countries have faced serious housing shortages. There are three reasons for this: First, due to the serious destruction of the war; Second, due to economic deficiencies; Third, due to backward construction technology, the construction speed can not keep up. Therefore, European countries have carried out huge technological transformations in the construction industry. Since the 1950s, the climax of industrialization of buildings has gradually emerged, and it has expanded to the United States, Japan and other countries in the 1960s. This is a period of industrialization of the first generation of buildings. During this period, “dedicated systems” dominated. Since the 1970s, it has entered the second generation, that is, from the “specialized system” to the “universal system,” and the components have been commercialized. It is versatile and interchangeable. In 1974, the United Nations Economic and Social Affairs