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不定式、动名词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语这些成分。一般来说，动名词作主语往往表示抽象的一般性行为，不定式则表示具体的某次行为。这点是同学们比较容易区分的。大家难以掌握的是它们作宾语时的区别，因此本文主要谈谈不定式和动名词作宾语时的不同用法。
只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，avoid，appreciate，complete，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest等。
The local government is considering taking measures to reduce the pollution. 当地政府正考虑采取措施来减少污染。
只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim，agree，choose，decide，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，happen，hesitate，learn，manage，offer，pretend， plan，promise，refuse，seem，want，wish等。
Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He seems to have been praised by the manager just now. 瞧汤姆自豪的表情，他刚才似乎受到了经理的表扬。
下列这些动词（短语）既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义有区别。
forget，remember，regret等词后加不定式表示未做的动作，加动名词表示已经做过的事。
[stop to do sth 停下某事去做另一件事stop doing sth 停止做某事]
[try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试着做某事]
[mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着]
[go on to do sth 做完某事后接着做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做同一件事]
[can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事]
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得曾被带去法门寺时所看到的一切。
I didn’t mean to upset you, Jane. I’m sorry for what had happened. 珍妮，我并不是有意令你难过，我对发生的一切感到非常抱歉。
表示喜欢的三个动词like，love，prefer后加动名词和不定式均可，但当它们前面有would/should时, 后面只能加不定式作宾语。
Little Tom should like to be taken to visit the Great Wall this summer. 这个夏天会有人带小汤姆去参观长城。
动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语则用不定式作宾补，即
allow/permit/forbid/advise[doing sthsb to do sth]
It forbids smoking in the school yard. That means no one is allowed to smoke here. 校园里禁止吸烟，这意味着任何人都不允许在这里吸烟。
动词need，require，want (需要），deserve (值得）后须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要/值得被做。
My mother is sorting out those trousers which want washing/want to be washed. 我母亲正在将需要洗的裤子进行分类。
练习
1. 汤姆假装没听说过这事而实际上他对此事很清楚。
Tom pretended it, but in fact, he knew it very well. (hear)
2. 他为这次面试作了充分的准备，因为他不能失去这个好机会。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn’t risk . (lose)
3. 格林先生一定没有收到我的信，否则他就回信了。
Mr. Green must my letter. Otherwise, he would have returned by now. (fail)
4. 这些女孩做了很多好事，她们确实值得表扬。
The girls do a lot of good and they really do deserve . (praise)
5. 我找不到钥匙了，我记得我进来时把它们放在桌子上了。
I can’t find the keys. I remember
on the desk as I came in. (put)
6. 他撒谎是为了逃避惩罚。
He told a lie to avoid . (punish)
7. 我建议你考虑我们在协议里的提议。
I advise your what we have offered in the agreement. (account)
参考答案
1. not to have heard about
2. losing the good opportunity
3. have failed to receive
4. praising 或to be praised
5. putting them
6. being punished
7. taking into account
只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，avoid，appreciate，complete，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，fancy，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practice，risk，suggest等。
The local government is considering taking measures to reduce the pollution. 当地政府正考虑采取措施来减少污染。
只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，aim，agree，choose，decide，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，happen，hesitate，learn，manage，offer，pretend， plan，promise，refuse，seem，want，wish等。
Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He seems to have been praised by the manager just now. 瞧汤姆自豪的表情，他刚才似乎受到了经理的表扬。
下列这些动词（短语）既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义有区别。
forget，remember，regret等词后加不定式表示未做的动作，加动名词表示已经做过的事。
[stop to do sth 停下某事去做另一件事stop doing sth 停止做某事]
[try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 尝试着做某事]
[mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着]
[go on to do sth 做完某事后接着做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做同一件事]
[can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事]
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 我仍记得曾被带去法门寺时所看到的一切。
I didn’t mean to upset you, Jane. I’m sorry for what had happened. 珍妮，我并不是有意令你难过，我对发生的一切感到非常抱歉。
表示喜欢的三个动词like，love，prefer后加动名词和不定式均可，但当它们前面有would/should时, 后面只能加不定式作宾语。
Little Tom should like to be taken to visit the Great Wall this summer. 这个夏天会有人带小汤姆去参观长城。
动词allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语则用不定式作宾补，即
allow/permit/forbid/advise[doing sthsb to do sth]
It forbids smoking in the school yard. That means no one is allowed to smoke here. 校园里禁止吸烟，这意味着任何人都不允许在这里吸烟。
动词need，require，want (需要），deserve (值得）后须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要/值得被做。
My mother is sorting out those trousers which want washing/want to be washed. 我母亲正在将需要洗的裤子进行分类。
练习
1. 汤姆假装没听说过这事而实际上他对此事很清楚。
Tom pretended it, but in fact, he knew it very well. (hear)
2. 他为这次面试作了充分的准备，因为他不能失去这个好机会。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn’t risk . (lose)
3. 格林先生一定没有收到我的信，否则他就回信了。
Mr. Green must my letter. Otherwise, he would have returned by now. (fail)
4. 这些女孩做了很多好事，她们确实值得表扬。
The girls do a lot of good and they really do deserve . (praise)
5. 我找不到钥匙了，我记得我进来时把它们放在桌子上了。
I can’t find the keys. I remember
on the desk as I came in. (put)
6. 他撒谎是为了逃避惩罚。
He told a lie to avoid . (punish)
7. 我建议你考虑我们在协议里的提议。
I advise your what we have offered in the agreement. (account)
参考答案
1. not to have heard about
2. losing the good opportunity
3. have failed to receive
4. praising 或to be praised
5. putting them
6. being punished
7. taking into account