基于影像云纹法、表面应变测量、分级加载超声C扫描3种观测手段,对含有不同位置、尺寸、数量预制分层缺陷的复合材料层板进行了压缩试验研究,对试验中产生的子层屈曲、分层扩展、层板失稳等现象进行了细致的观察、对比与联系.结合试验结果,总结了3种不同的分层扩展模式,并基于分层扩展模式分析了子层屈曲、层板失稳等现象的产生机理.结合上述试验现象,通过比较临界失稳应力、最终破坏应力、分层纵向扩展范围等试验结果,系统地分析了分层缺陷对复合材料层板压缩性能的影响.研究结果可为复合材料结构损伤容限设计提供依据. Based on the three methods of image moiré method, surface strain measurement and graded-loading ultrasonic C-scan, the composite laminates with different position, size and number of prefabricated delamination defects were subjected to compression test. The sub-layers Buckling, stratified expansion and instability of laminates were observed, compared and correlated.According to the experimental results, three different layered expansion modes were summarized, and based on the hierarchical extension mode, the sub-layer buckling, layer Plate instability and so on.Combined with the above phenomena, the effects of delamination defects on the compressive properties of composite laminates are systematically analyzed by comparing the results of critical instability stress, final failure stress and longitudinal extension of stratification. The research results can provide the basis for designing the damage tolerance of composite structures.