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为快速筛选钾高效小麦品种, 通过正常钾和低钾2个营养水平的大田营养池栽培试验, 对黄淮麦区110份小麦品种/系的11个产量和9个钾效率相关性状进行综合鉴定, 并以济麦22为对照, 筛选出钾效率和产量均表现优异的钾高效利用种质.结果表明:与正常钾处理相比, 低钾处理会显著降低小麦产量和钾吸收效率, 但会显著提高钾利用效率;相关性分析发现, 穗长、可育小穗数和穗粒数与钾吸收效率性状之间呈极显著正相关关系 (P＜0.01), 与钾利用效率性状之间呈显著负相关关系 (P＜0.05), 可作为钾效率的初步快速评价指标.与对照相比, 在正常钾处理下筛选出2份钾高效利用种质, 旱选H28和品3483, 两者单株粒重分别高出17.12％和10.67％, 地上部分钾利用效率分别高出27.27％和9.09％;低钾处理下筛选出5份钾高效利用种质, 其中旱选H27和洛旱9号的单株籽粒重比对照分别高出18.48％和14.36％, 单株钾利用效率比对照分别高出14.29％和21.43％.“,”In order to fastly screen wheat varieties with high potassium efficiency, this paper conducted comprehensive identification on 11 yield and 9 potassium efficiency related traits of 110 wheat varieties/lines by field nutrient pool cultivation experiment under normal (NK) and low potassium (LK) treatments, with Jimai 22 as the contrast; and screened out available germplasms with superior potassium efficiency and high yield. The results showed that compared with normal potassium treatment, LK treatment could reduce wheat yield and potassium uptake efficiency (Kup E), but increase significantly the potassium efficiency. The related analysis discovered that there was significant positive relation between the ear length, fertile spikelet number per spike and kernels number per spike with potassium uptake efficiency (P＜0.01), but there was significant negtive relaition with potassium utilization efficiency (P＜0. 05). These could be initial and fast evaluation indexes. Compared with the contrast, Hanxuan H28 and Pin 3483 with high potassium utilization efficiency under NK treatment were selected. Their grain weights per plantwere 17. 12％ and 10.67％ higher than that of the contrast, respectively; and above ground section K utilization efficiencies were 27.27％ and 9. 09％ higher than that of the contrast, respectively. Under LK treatment, 5 germplasms with high potassium utilization efficiency were screened out. Among them, the grain weights per plant of Hanxuan H27 and Luohan 9 were 18. 48％ and 14. 36％ higher than that of the contrast, respectively; the potassium utilization efficiencies per plant of Hanxuan H27 and Luohan 9 were 14. 29％ and 21. 43％ higher than that of the contrast, respectively.