问:在数学教学中,我觉得很难确定教学难点,请给予指导。特约嘉宾(特级教师杨重炎):学生在学习教学过程中理解和掌握起来比较困难的内容,或在思维活动过程中容易“卡壳”、“短路”的地方都可视为数学教学中的难点。一般而言,数学知识中的新概念、新法则、新公式、新性质等等都是教学中常见的难点内容。但是难点的确定不能仅以“凡新则难”为据,而忽视了对学生的分析和研究。认知心理学研究表明,学生的学习过程是以心理活动为基础的认知过程与情意过程的统一。因此,教师要找准难点不能不注意这样两个问题:首先,要在 Q: In mathematics teaching, I find it difficult to determine the teaching difficulties. Please give guidance. Special guests (specialty teacher Yang Junyan): Students understand and grasp difficult content in the process of teaching and learning, or in the process of thinking activities, they are likely to be “difficult” in mathematics teaching. In general, new concepts, new rules, new formulas, and new features in mathematics knowledge are all common difficulties in teaching. However, the determination of difficulties cannot be based solely on “every new is difficult” but ignores the analysis and study of students. The research of cognitive psychology shows that the student’s learning process is the unity of cognitive process and affective process based on mental activity. Therefore, teachers must identify the difficulties and must not pay attention to these two issues: First of all,