自从1957年第1颗人造地球卫星Sputnik升空以来,人类进入空间时代已过半个世纪,这50多年中卫星技术日趋成熟.这篇论文根据作者在博士研究生阶段参加的3项课题撰写而成.这3项课题涉及了人造地球卫星轨道理论及应用的几个主要方面,具有一定的代表性,也能够展示目前卫星轨道研究的主要内容、手段以及在应用领域中的重要作用. More than half a century has passed since the first man-made Earth satellite, Sputnik, was launched in 1957. Over the past 50 years, satellite technology has matured, and the essay was written on the basis of three topics the author attended at his doctoral degree. These three topics cover several major aspects of the theory and application of man-made orbiting satellite orbits, have some representativeness, and can also show the main contents, means and important roles in the application of satellite orbit research.