教育是一种社会现象。一定社会的教育是一定社会的生产力、生产关系和政治的反映,同时又对它们给予影响和作用。古今中外,任何一个民族的生存和发展,都离不开教育。教育发达与否,不仅标志着一个民族改造社会能力的高低,而且标志着一个民族社会进步的快慢。因此,以民族作为研究对象的民族学,在其研究领域中必然包括民族教育在内。我国的民族教育,从广义上说,是整个中华民族的教育;从狭义上说,是指少数民族的教育。通常所说的是后一种含义。三十多年来的实践证明,在社会主义制度下,民族教育的发展与民 Education is a social phenomenon. The education of a certain society is a reflection of the productive forces, the relations of production and the politics of a certain society, at the same time giving them an influence and effect. At all times and in all countries, the survival and development of any one nation can not be separated from education. Education is developed or not, not only marks the level of a nation’s ability to transform society, but also marks the pace of progress of a national society. Therefore, ethnology, which takes ethnics as research object, inevitably includes national education in its research field. National education in our country is, in a broad sense, the education of the entire Chinese nation. In a narrow sense, it refers to the education of ethnic minorities. The latter is usually said. The practice in the past three decades has proved that under the socialist system, the development of ethnic education and people