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机车正备作业直接关系到线路的列车牵引业务,因此在机务段的設計和运营中,应考虑机車正备作业不間断地进行和保証有足夠的通过能力。旧中国铁路机务段正备作业基本上依靠人力。在运量很少,要求不高的情况下,很容易保证机车正备作业不間断地进行。一般採用煤台上煤,在检查坑清灰,用人力提斗向机車给砂,设备简单,维修容易,人力调动也較为灵活。随着铁路的量大幅度增加技术装备也不断提高,作为机务段第一线的正备业务正逐步过渡到机械化和半机械化。因此产生了设备维修和临时故障的备用設备问題。正备工作中的给砂、清灰、給油和上水等工作所占劳动力一般仅在10％以下,即許这些设备在维修或发生故障时,机务段也易於調动人力克服困难,不必考虑备用設备。机車给煤系统是正备作业最繁重的工作,占用很多人力,机械化后,定员削减最多。机械設备发生故障或正常维修时,难以临时調配大量劳动力,保証机車正备作出的正常进行。例如上海机务段採用抓煤机煤斗给煤,定员约24人,假如机械发生故障或正常修理,采用人力上煤时
The locomotive preparatory work is directly related to the train traction business of the line. Therefore, in the design and operation of the locomotive depot, the locomotive preparatory work should be considered uninterruptedly and with sufficient passing capacity. The preparatory work for the old China Railway Departments basically relies on manpower. In the small amount of traffic, less demanding circumstances, it is easy to ensure that locomotives homework uninterrupted. General use of coal on coal Taiwan, check pit cleaning, with man-made bucket to the locomotive to sand, simple equipment, easy maintenance, human mobility is also more flexible. With the substantial increase in the amount of railways, the technical equipment has also been continuously raised. As the first line of the service section, the preparatory business is gradually moving to mechanization and semi-mechanization. As a result, spare equipment problems arise with equipment maintenance and temporary failure. In the normal work, the workforce such as sand supply, cleaning, oil supply and Sheung Shui will only account for less than 10% of the workforce. Even if the equipment is repaired or fails, the locomotive depot may also be easily mobilized to overcome difficulties without considering Spare equipment. Locomotive to the coal system is the most demanding work preparatory work, taking up a lot of manpower, mechanization, the largest reduction of capacity. Mechanical equipment failure or normal maintenance, it is difficult to deploy a large number of temporary labor force, to ensure the normal preparation for the locomotive. For example, the Shanghai locomotive depot coal catching machine coal hopper, capacity of about 24 people, if the mechanical failure or normal repair, the use of man on the coal